¿Por qué Argentina se despuebla? Los datos alarmantes de la natalidad. La natalidad en Argentina sigue cayendo. En 2023 nacieron 40% menos niños que hace 10 años. Descubrí las causas y consecuencias de esta alarmante tendencia. En el contexto de una creciente crisis demográfica, las cifras oficiales del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación revelan una alarmante caída en el número de nacimientos en Argentina.
Según los últimos datos de 2023, el país registró 460.902 nacimientos, la cifra más baja en los últimos 50 años, lo que refleja una reducción de más del 40% respecto a 2014. Este fenómeno se encuentra en línea con una tasa de fecundidad que sigue en caída libre, alcanzando 1,33 hijos por mujer en 2023, muy por debajo del umbral de reemplazo generacional de 2,1 hijos por mujer.
Uno de los aspectos más notables de este fenómeno es la pronunciada caída en las provincias patagónicas. En Tierra del Fuego, Santa Cruz y Chubut, la disminución en la tasa de fecundidad es dramática, con caídas de hasta el 61%, 56% y 49%, respectivamente. Esto coloca a estas provincias, junto con la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, en una tasa de fecundidad extremadamente baja, por debajo de 1,5 hijos por mujer.
Estos números evidencian una tendencia que afecta no solo a las zonas urbanas, sino también a las más alejadas del país. El descenso de la natalidad en Argentina no es un fenómeno reciente. La caída comenzó a intensificarse a partir de 2014, aunque los factores que impulsaron esta tendencia datan de años anteriores.
En 2012, con el fallo F.A.L., se introdujo el aborto como derecho, un cambio en la legislación que se fue profundizando en años posteriores con la incorporación de métodos anticonceptivos de larga duración, como el implante subdérmico y los sistemas intrauterinos (SIU). Estos anticonceptivos, distribuidos gratuitamente en el país a través del programa Remediar, marcaron un punto de inflexión en las decisiones reproductivas de las mujeres argentinas.
La reforma del Código Civil en 2015 también tuvo un impacto significativo al permitir que menores de 13 a 16 años pudieran acceder a métodos anticonceptivos sin la autorización de sus padres.
TE NECESITAMOS
El periodismo social y comunitario está desapareciendo por no tener sustentos. ECOS sobrevive gracias a la vocación de sus editores y la colaboración de corazones solidarios que cada mes nos ayudan con donaciones. Pero es muy poco, ¡¡NO ALCANZA!! y necesitamos que tomes conciencia de que sin un compromiso de todos en el sostenimiento, quienes hacemos esto tendremos que dejar de hacerlo. Hazlo hoy, ya que mañana podría ser tarde.
A su vez, el plan ENIA (prevención del embarazo adolescente) lanzado en 2017, promovió la educación sexual integral y el uso de anticonceptivos, lo que llevó a una disminución en la fecundidad adolescente.
El gobierno argentino, independientemente del signo político, ha continuado implementando políticas que favorecen el control de la natalidad, como la compra de anticonceptivos de larga duración. Estas políticas han sido duramente criticadas por quienes consideran que la baja natalidad es una amenaza a largo plazo, especialmente para la sostenibilidad del sistema previsional y el equilibrio demográfico del país.
En este sentido, el debate se intensificó en la Cámara de Diputados, donde se realizó una reunión informativa sobre el descenso de la natalidad. Allí, el director del Renaper, Mariano Fagalde, advirtió sobre las consecuencias de la baja fecundidad y el envejecimiento poblacional.
El diputado Nicolás Mayoraz fue el único legislador que planteó preocupaciones estratégicas frente a la caída de la natalidad, subrayando la necesidad de un plan integral que promueva la familia y la población. Por su parte, otros legisladores, como los de la bancada oficialista, defendieron las políticas de salud sexual y reproductiva impulsadas por organismos internacionales.
Mientras tanto, organismos como el Fondo de Población de la ONU, han celebrado las políticas de control natalista, argumentando que la baja natalidad es un avance para los derechos de las mujeres. Sin embargo, la preocupación por el futuro demográfico de Argentina es cada vez más palpable. La caída de la natalidad y el envejecimiento de la población son una bomba de tiempo, que amenaza con generar una carga insostenible sobre el sistema de pensiones y los servicios públicos en las próximas décadas.
El panorama demográfico de Argentina parece claro: la población está envejeciendo y los nacimientos caen a un ritmo alarmante. Aunque algunas políticas de control de natalidad han tenido éxito, se plantea la urgente necesidad de diseñar un plan estratégico que revierta esta tendencia y promueva el crecimiento poblacional. Sin una política demográfica clara, Argentina podría enfrentar un futuro con serias consecuencias para su desarrollo económico, social y territorial. (Con información de Grupo La Provincia)
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